Renal corpuscles were protected from dichlorvos: induced morphological alterations in rats by antioxidant vitamins / Protección de corpúsculos renales ante alteraciones morfológicas inducidas por el diclorvos en ratas mediante el uso de vitaminas antioxidantes

Dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide is a volatile compound which enters the human body through oral, dermal and inhalational routes and is excreted via the kidney. This study assessed the effects of DDVP on the histology of the kidney. Twenty five male rats (75.05 ± 5.55 g) were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats per group as follows: Unexposed group, exposure to DDVP alone for 5 weeks, and 3 other groups exposed to DDVP for 5 weeks in addition to supplement with Vitamin E, vitamin C, and red palm oil (RPO). Rats were exposed to DDVP in poorly ventilated cardboard cages for 4 hours daily. On completion of exposure, rats were euthanized and tissue processed by routine paraffin wax method and stained with H&E. Morphological alterations monitored by histological and morphometric studies using the graticule and software packages. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and p<0.05 considered as significant. DDVP caused significant reduction (10%) in the maximum glomerular diameter and 18% reduction in the maximum width of the renal corpuscle when compared with unexposed rats. However, VTE, VTC, and RPO significantly elevated the maximum glomerular diameter by 21%, 22%, 23% the respectively. Similarly, VTE, VTC, and RPO significantly elevated the maximum width of the renal corpuscle by 17%, 19%, 20% respectfully. Glomerular tuft cellularity was neither affected by DDVP treatment nor by vitamin augmentation. Inhaled DDVP caused histological alterations in the microscopic anatomy of renal corpuscles of rat which was mitigated by vitamin supplementation. Data suggest involvement of prolonged DDVP use in the aetiology of renal failure.

El diclorvos (DDVP), un pesticidas organofosforado, es un compuesto volátil que entra en el cuerpo humano a través de la vía oral, dérmica y por rutas inhalación, excretándose por vía renal. Este estudio evaluó los efectos histológicos del DDVP sobre el riñón. Veinticinco ratas machos (75,05±5,55 g) se dividieron en 5 grupos de 5 ratas cada uno: grupo no expuesto, expuesto a DDVP durante 5 semanas, y otros 3 grupos expuestos a DDVP durante 5 semanas, suplementados con vitamina E (VTE), vitamina C (VTC) y aceite de palma roja (APR). Las ratas fueron expuestas a DDVP en jaulas de cartón con poca ventilación por 4 horas diarias. Al término de la exposición, las ratas se sacrificaron y el tejido fue procesado para inclusión en parafina y tinción con H&E. Las alteraciones morfológicas se evaluaron mediante estudios histológicos y morfométricos utilizando retículas y software. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba ANOVA considerado un p<0,05 como significativo. El DDVP causó una reducción significativa (10%) en el diámetro máximo glomerular y ancho máximo del copúsculo renal (18%), en comparación con las ratas no expuestas. Sin embargo, el diámetro máximo glomerular fue significativamente elevado con VTE, VTC y APR en 21%, 22% y 23%, respectivamente, así como para el ancho máximo del corpúsculo renal por 17%, 19% y 20%, respectivamente. La celularidad de la red glomerular no fue afectada por el DDVP ni aumentó con el tratamiento de vitamina. El DDVP inhalado provocó alteraciones histológicas en la anatomía microscópica de los corpúsculos renales de rata, las que fueron mitigadas por la suplementación de vitamina. Los datos sugieren relación entre la exposición prolongada a DDVP y la etiología de la insuficiencia renal.

Plasma Interferon-gamma and IL-4; Immunoglobulin Classes and Nitric Oxide in Nigerians with Acute Leukaemia

Acute leukaemia are usually rapidly progressive with death often occurring in a few weeks to a few months in untreated patients as a result of abnormal hematopoietic function as well as impaired immune response. The risk of relapse which remains in 20 of patients in remission calls for more research on acute leukaemia. This study therefore; evaluated the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO); interleukin-4 (IL-4); interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and immunoglobulin classes (IgA; IgG; IgM; IgE) in twenty-five (25) patients with acute leukaemia (AL) and twenty-five (25) apparently healthy controls. The mean levels of plasma IgA; IgG and IgM were not significantly elevated in leukaemia patients compared with control. However; the mean plasma levels of IgE; NO; IL-4 and IFN-? were significantly elevated in leukaemia patients compared with controls. It could therefore be concluded from this study that humoural immunity is not depressed in acute leukaemia patients